Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition characterised by the rapid buildup of skin cells. This accelerated cell turnover causes thickened patches of skin that may appear red, dry, itchy, cracked, or inflamed, sometimes with scaling on the surface.

Psoriasis commonly affects the elbows, knees, and scalp, but it can appear anywhere on the body. It is often associated with other health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, and depression. Psoriasis is not contagious, and the lesions themselves are not infectious.

What Causes Psoriasis?

The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood. However, research shows that both genetics and the immune system play significant roles. Psoriasis occurs when the immune system mistakenly triggers inflammation, accelerating the production of skin cells.

Certain factors can trigger flare-ups, including stress, illness, injury to the skin, smoking, alcohol consumption, and some medications. Psoriasis can develop at any age, though it most commonly appears between the ages of 15 and 35.

There are several recognised types of psoriasis, including plaque psoriasis (the most common), guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic psoriasis.

Skin Cell Production and Psoriasis

Under normal conditions, skin cells develop deep within the skin and gradually rise to the surface over the course of about one month. Once they reach the surface, dead skin cells naturally shed.

In psoriasis, this process occurs in just a few days. The skin does not have time to shed the excess cells, leading to thickened patches and scaling. This rapid cell production is a defining feature of the condition.

Who Gets Psoriasis?

Psoriasis affects people of all ages, though most diagnoses occur in adulthood. Men and women are affected at similar rates. The condition occurs across all ethnic groups, with a higher reported prevalence among people of European descent.

Other Effects of Psoriasis

Living with psoriasis can have emotional and psychological impacts. People with psoriasis may experience depression, anxiety, or lowered self-esteem, particularly during flare-ups.

General health practices may support overall wellbeing, including avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, and following a balanced lifestyle. Supporting the body’s overall health can help reduce immune system strain.

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